Analgesic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Solanum anomalum
Abstract
Background: Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach. (family Solanaceae) is a shrub with edible fruit consumed locally for nutritional and medicinal purposes.
Objective: To evaluate the leaf extract of Solanum anomalum for analgesic properties in mice.
Method: The ethanol leaf extract of Solanum anomalum (70-210 mg/kg) was evaluated for analgesic activity against nociception in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced hind paw licking and thermally-induced pain models.
Results: The leaf extract significantly inhibited nociception in all the models tested in a dose-dependent fashion.
Conclusion: The leaf extract possesses analgesic activity which confirms its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of pains.
Keywords: Solanum anomalum, analgesic, medicinal plant
Published: May, 2020References
Ahmed M, Sadhu SK, Datta BK, Kunu JK, Bachar SC (1997). Preliminary studies on the antiinflammatory, analgesic and diuretic activity of stagninol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Persicaria stagnina. Pharmazie. 52: 472-475.
Amico-Roxas M, Caruso A, Trombadore S, Scifo R, Scapagnime U (1984). Gangliosides antinociceptive effects in rodents. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Therap. 272: 103-117.
Bentley GA, Newton SH, Starr J (1983). Studies on the antinociceptive action of agonist drugs and their interaction with opioid mechanisms. Br. J. Pharmacol. 79: 125 - 134.
Berken T, Ostunes L, Lermioglu F, Ozer A (1991). Antiinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic effect of an aqueous extract of Erythraea ceulaurum. Planta Med. 57: 34 -37.
Bukenya ZR, Hall JB (1988). Solanum (Solanaceae) in Ghana. Bothalia. 18: 79–88.
Burkill HM (2000). The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. 2nd Edition. Volume 5, Families S–Z, Addenda. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. 686 pp.
Carlo Di G, Mascolo N, Izzo AA, Capasso F (1999). Flavonoids, old and new aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs. Life Science 65:337–353.
Chavan MJ, Wakte PS, Shinde DB (2012). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the sesquiterpene fraction from Annona reticulata L. bark. Nat. Prod. Res. 26:1515 -1518.
Correa CR, Calixto JB (1993). Evidence of participation of β1 and β2 receptors, in formalin induced nociceptive response in mouse. Br. J. Pharmacol. 110:193-198.
Correa CR, Kyle DJ, Chakravarty S, Calixto JB (1996). Antinociceptive profile or the pseudopeptide β2 bradykinin receptors antagonist NPC 18688 in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 117:552-556.
Deraedt R, Jougney S, Falhout M (1980). Release of Prostaglandin E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur. J. Pharm. 51:17-24.
Franzotti EM, Santos CVF, Rodrigues HMSL, Mourao RHV, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR (2002). Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72: 273-278.
Gorski F, Correa CR, Filhe VC, Yunes RA, Calixto JB (1993). Potent antinociceptive activity of a hydroalcoholic extract from Phyllanthus corcovadensis. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 45: 1046 - 1049.
Hunskaar S, Hole K (1987). The formalin test in mice. Dissociation between inflammatory pain. Pain. 30:103-114.
Liang YC, Huang YT, Tsau SH, Lin-Shiau SY, Chen CF, Lin JK (1999). Suppression of inducible cyclo-oxygenase and inducible nitric acid synthase by apigenia and related flavonoid in mouse macrophages. Carcinogenesis. 20: 1945-52.
Lorke, D (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch. Toxicol. 54:275-286.
Middleton E Jr, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC (2000). The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52: 673–751.
Nwafor PA, Jacks TW, Ekanem AU (2007). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract of Pausinystalia mecroceras stem bark in rodents. J. Pharmacol. 3: 86-90.
Nwafor PA, Nwajiobi N, Uko IE, Obot JS (2010). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of an ethanol extract of Smilax krausiana leaf in mice. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 13: 141 -148.
Offor SJ, Ubengama EE. (2015) Phytochemical and antidiabetic studies of ethanolic extracts and fractions of the fruits of Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex. Schumach. Int. J. Sci. Res. Ed. 3:4343-4350.
Okokon JE, Nwafor PA (2010). Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethanolic root extract of Croton zambesicus. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 23: 383 - 390.
Okokon JE, Davis K, Umoh EE, Amazu LU (2017). Antiinflammatory activity of leaf extract of Solanum anomalum. J. Herbal Drugs. 7:243-249.
Okokon JE, Nyong EE, Obot J, Davies K (2019). Anticonvulsant and depressant activities of ethanol leaf extract ofSolanum anomalum. Nig. J. Pharm. Appl. Sci. Res. 8:73-79.
Otuki MF, Ferreira J, Lima FV, Meyre-Silva C, Malheiros Â, Muller LA, Cani GS, Santos ARS, Yunes RA, Calixto JB (2005). Antinociceptive properties of mixture of α-amyrin and β-amyrin triterpenes: Evidence for participation of protein kinase C and protein kinase A pathways. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 313: 310–318.
Rajendran NN, Thirugnanasambandam P, Viswanathan S, Parvathavarthini S, Ramaswamy S (2000). Antinociceptive pattern of flavone and its mechanism as tested by formalin assay. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 38: 182–185.
Santos AR, CechinelFilho V, Niero R, Viana AM, Moreno FN, Campos MM, Yunes RA, Calixto JB (1994). Analgesic effects of callus culture from selected species of Phyllanthus. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 755 – 759.
Sofowora, A (1993). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 2nd edn, Spectrum Book Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Suh HW, Song DK, Son KH, Wie MB, Lee KH, Jung KY, Do JC, Kim YH (1996). Antinociceptive mechanisms of dipsacussaponin C administered intracerebroventricularly in the mouse. Gen. Pharmacol. 27: 1167–1172.
Trease, G.E., Evans, W. C. (1989). Pharmacognosy, 13th ed. Bailliere Tindal, London. pp. 683-684.
Turner RA. (1995). Screening methods in Pharmacology. Vol 1. Academic Press. New York. Pp. 85- 106.
Vaz ZR, Cechinel V, Yunes RA, Calixto JB (1996). Antinociceptive action of 2-(4-bromobenzoyl)-3-methyl-4-6-dimethoxy bezofuran, a novel xanthoxyline derivative of chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 278: 304 - 312.
Vaz ZR, Risley EA, Calixto JB (1997). Analgesic effect of the herbal medicine catuama in thermal and chemical models of nociception in mice. Phytother. Res. 11:101-106.
Wibool R, Sae WC, Reanmongkol W, Wongnawaa M (2008). Antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of Kaempferia galangal Linn. in experimental animals. J. Ethnopharmacol. 118: 225-230.
Yi YL, Zong HA, Lu ZM, Xu HY, Zhang XM, Dou WF, Xu ZH (2008). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the dry matter of culture broth of Termitomyces albuminosus and its extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol. 120: 432-436.
Full Text: PDF
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.