THE GROWING THREAT OF ARBOVIRUS TRANSMISSION AND OUTBREAKS IN KENYA: A REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: To review the trend in arbovirus outbreaks and activity in Kenya in the last ten
years.
Data source: Published reports of past outbreak investigations and more recent data
available at the Arbovirology and Viral haemorrhagic fevers reference centre, Centre for
Virus Research, Nairobi.
Study selection: Past and recent outbreaks and active tr:tnsmission reports of arboviruses of
medical importance in Kenya including Yellow fever (Y F), Rift Valley Fever (RVF), Dengue
and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever.
Synthesis: Each of the viruses was reviewed providing c -itical information on classification,
incidence, outbreak, and activity in Kenya, mode of transmission, recognition of cases,
management and control.
Conclusion: There is increased frequency of outbreaks and detection of arbovirus activity in
humansand vectors in the last ten years including re-emergenceof Y F virus as a public health
concern in Kenya. The importance of recognition of cases and diagnosis (especially in
malaria endemic areas) is critical to management a ~ ~ d control. Effective countrywide
surveillance backed by diagnostic centres is highly recommended.