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IMPACT OF CATTLE KEEPING ON HUMAN BITING RATE OF ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES AND MALARIA TRANSMISSION AROUND ZIWAY, ETHIOPIA
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of livestock keeping on the human biting rate (HBR)
of anopheline mosquitoes and malaria transmission around Ziway in the middle course
of the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
Design: As a passive experiment, man landing captures were done in homesteads with
mixed dwelling, separate cattle shed and without livestock; and as an active experiment,
captures were in experimental tukuls (huts) of cattle, goats, and without livestock.
Parasite and spleen rates of children were compared among those residents under
variable living conditions mentioned for passive experiment.
Subjects: For entomological study, human-baits were used for man-landing captures of
mosquitoes. Study subjects for parasitological and clinical studies were children below
10 years old.
Main outcome measures: Human-biting rate (HBR) of anopheline mosquitoes; and the
parasite and spleen rates of the study subjects in different living conditions.
Results: In the passive experiment, the mean HBR of Anopheles arabiensis in mixed
dwelling, separate cattle shed and without livestock was 8.45, 4.64 and 5.97, respectively.
Similarly, the HBR of An. pharoensis was 2.88, 1.79 and 1.61, respectively. In the active
experiment, the mean HBR of An. arabiensis in tukuls with cattle, goats, and without
livestock was 3.50, 3.38 and 1.43 respectively; while that of An. pharoensis was 0.37,
0.70 and 0.55 respectively. Parasitologically, mean parasite rates of 26.67%, 15.05% and
23.85% were, respectively, recorded from children living under the above conditions
stated for passive experiment. Similarly, the mean spleen rates of 50.0%, 26.9%, and
47.37% were recorded, respectively.
Conclusion: These observations in the present study indicate that the presence of cattle
in homesteads tends to increase the man biting rate of An. arabiensis, although
differences in the mean HBR of vector mosquitoes were not statistically significant for
all groups. In contrast, cattle keeping in separate cattle sheds outside of the human
dwellings tends to reduce the man biting rate of An. arabiensis and malaria transmission
in the study area.
of anopheline mosquitoes and malaria transmission around Ziway in the middle course
of the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
Design: As a passive experiment, man landing captures were done in homesteads with
mixed dwelling, separate cattle shed and without livestock; and as an active experiment,
captures were in experimental tukuls (huts) of cattle, goats, and without livestock.
Parasite and spleen rates of children were compared among those residents under
variable living conditions mentioned for passive experiment.
Subjects: For entomological study, human-baits were used for man-landing captures of
mosquitoes. Study subjects for parasitological and clinical studies were children below
10 years old.
Main outcome measures: Human-biting rate (HBR) of anopheline mosquitoes; and the
parasite and spleen rates of the study subjects in different living conditions.
Results: In the passive experiment, the mean HBR of Anopheles arabiensis in mixed
dwelling, separate cattle shed and without livestock was 8.45, 4.64 and 5.97, respectively.
Similarly, the HBR of An. pharoensis was 2.88, 1.79 and 1.61, respectively. In the active
experiment, the mean HBR of An. arabiensis in tukuls with cattle, goats, and without
livestock was 3.50, 3.38 and 1.43 respectively; while that of An. pharoensis was 0.37,
0.70 and 0.55 respectively. Parasitologically, mean parasite rates of 26.67%, 15.05% and
23.85% were, respectively, recorded from children living under the above conditions
stated for passive experiment. Similarly, the mean spleen rates of 50.0%, 26.9%, and
47.37% were recorded, respectively.
Conclusion: These observations in the present study indicate that the presence of cattle
in homesteads tends to increase the man biting rate of An. arabiensis, although
differences in the mean HBR of vector mosquitoes were not statistically significant for
all groups. In contrast, cattle keeping in separate cattle sheds outside of the human
dwellings tends to reduce the man biting rate of An. arabiensis and malaria transmission
in the study area.
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