Glucose-lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Karela) extract in diabetic rats

Abstract

Background: Momordica charantia (MC) is a plant commonly used for both its nutritional and glucose-lowering effects. It has however not been fully validated in diabetes management due to insufficient empirical evidence. The current study thus investigated its effects on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.

Method: Fourteen six-month old, alloxan-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 200 – 250 g were assigned to two equal groups (control and experimental). Momordica charantia juice extract was administered (10ml/kg) to the experimental group for 28 consecutive days. An equal dose of normal saline was administered to the controls. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were assessed once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Thereafter, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed.

Results: The experimental group achieved normal glucose levels within 14 days of MC administration. At day 28, FBG levels were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control (3.27±0.20 vs. 7.59±1.26 mmol/l, p=0.01). In IPGTT, FBG levels were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control through the 180 minute period of observation.

Conclusion: Momordica charantia has a glucose-lowering effect in diabetic rats within 14 days of administration. It also prevents fluctuations in FBG levels, and thus has potential therapeutic use in diabetes management.

Key words: Momordica charantia, diabetes mellitus, alloxan, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT).